A Glimpse Into Robert Frosts for Once, Then Something Essay examples

One drop fell from a fern, and lo, a ripple move whatever it was lay there at bottom,Blurred it, blotted it out. What was that whiteness?Truth? A pebble of quartz? For once, then, something.The PoemWritten in hendecasyllabic meter (11 syllables per line) and unrhymed verse, the verse form seems to be an easy read. It uses words so ordinary any reader could go through it without having to stop for the meaning. The persona tells of his experience of looking down into swell and being ridiculed all the time by people who could arguably be his enemies, or his friends who know better than he. Always wrong to the light, the persona never sees what he is there, in the first place, for - the truth. Instead, he sees his own reflection, looking like a god - an allusion to Narcissus who looks down into a pool of water and falls in chouse with himself - with a crown of ferns, much like the crown of olives worn by poets and winners of the Olympian games of ancient Greece, amidst a background of clouds. In one of those visits to the well, though, the persona notices a something wh...

gdp analysis :: essays research papers

U.S. Economic Outlook 2005-06 GDP AnalysisIn order to ensure competent and completed forecasts for both 2005 and 2006, I obtained GDP schooling from a few different sources. Accessing the information without having to register at a nominal fee was a patch interesting at times, but nonetheless I found a couple of sites that all forecasted GDP and all of its components within a ten percent of a percent of each other.The one I found easiest to follow and analyze was the TD Quarterly Economic Forecast that I accessed at their website, www.td.com/economics. According to information provided here and enclosed information from Reuters and Comerica, Real GDP growth is pass judgment to tail off from about 4.4% in 2004 to 3.2% by the end of 2006. either three of these articles identified 2004 as the best year for our economy growth wise in the current calling cycle by far. Consumer spending and business investment growth are predicted to decline pretty sharply over the next two years, while the housing / residential construction sector is expected to show negative growth. This, in itself may be an indication that there may be a reverse trend in the property / substantial estate market, bringing prices down and keeping that market honest. All of these forecasts are contributing factors to the predicted dip in both final domestic demand as well as final sales. Good news though is that export growth is expected to increase, which will reduce the amount of growth in imports, instantly correlating to a drop in the nations unemployment rate. Increasing the number of jobs will infiltrate more money on the domestic front and in conclusion serve as a shot in the arm to a parched economy. All in all the U.S. economy is in pretty frank shape and here to stay. Optimally, we would like to see this year and next build upon last years incredible figures and shoot consumer spending further through and through the roof.

Comparing Daisy Miller and The Beast in the Jungle by Henry James Essay

Henry James Daisy Miller and The Beast in the Jungle are first gear and foremost powerful tragedies because they employ suchuniversal themes as crushed ambitions and wasted lives. And theappeal of each does not lie solely in the darken plot and atmosphere,but in those smallest details James gives us. Omit Daisys strange littlelaughs, delete foot soldiers flinging himself, face down, on Maystomb, and what are we left with? Daisy Miller would be a merecharacter study against the backdrop of clashing American and Euro-pean cultures and The Beast in the Jungle, a very detailed inner daybookof a completely self-absorbed man who deservingly meets his fate inthe end. It is only when we consider the unfulfilled social ambitions ofDaisy Miller and the hopeless, empty life of John Marcher as tragediesthat we begin to feel for these two works and discover the unmistakabledepths that make them so touchingly, and sometimes disturbingly,profound. Their tragic conclusions are about the only aff air thesestories share, though there is a stark difference in the means Henry Jamesapproached his narrative and characterization technique to convey most to the full the underlying tragedies. And yet, despite such differences, whichdraw mainly from the use of opposing tones of voice in the two stories,the bleakness of the stories of Daisy and Marcher is unmistakable. Edith Wharton proposes an interesting theory as to what makes atragedy, and it has very much to do with our reading experience. Whatwe know about the events slowly unfolding before us, or what theauthor allows us to know, heavily influences the way we feel about thestory and its characters, ... ...knowing that comesfrom reading is sometimes also granted to the characters we are readingabout. Despite the differences in narrative techniques, the two storiesdo fit here. It is sad to leave these stories knowing that part ofthe blame for the fates of the two main characters must actually be puton themselves, but even sadde r to mark off that they are not allowed toremain ignorant forever, to know that they, too, finally realize how theyhave become their own worst enemies. And herein lies the essence oftheir tragedies this illumination (54), this detestation of waking (673). Works CitedJames, Henry. The Beast in the Jungle. The Story and Its Writer An Introduction to Short Fiction. Ed. Ann Charters. Boston Bedford Books, 1995.______. Daisy Miller. New York Dover Publications Inc., 1995.

Comparing HG Wells The Time Machine and Mark Twains Connecticut Yankee :: Mark Twain Connecticut Yankee

Comparing HG Wells The Time Machine and Mark Twains computerized tomography Yankee Connecticut Yankee was written in 1889 by Mark Twain. A man is taken from 19th century America and taken to 6th century England. Using his wits He is quickly able to put himself in a position of rank in the court of Camelot. He then introduces many modern inventions and ideas to the society in an attempt to bring it to what was considered the right elan in the 19th Century. This shows how much influence a maven man can have in the society around him. There is also a conflict of ideas in this book that leads to his eventual downfall and return to the 19th century. Throughout literature and history there have been many instances where a single man and his idea and beliefs have changed the course of events and shaped a society around his individual beliefs. These men have shaped history and the worlds that they live in. Connecticut Yankee is a prime example of such a man in a world, where his ideas cause a dramatic change. Hank Morgan was pulled from his world and taken to oneness that is a total opposite of his. Seeing that he cannot return to his world he then tries to transform Camelot to the world he remembers, 19th century America. Morgan enters a world of slavery, poverty, and control of the masses by a few select people. This world is completely different than what he is accustomed to and what he believes. He is in a world of superstition and lies. He uses his knowledge of a solar eclipse and plays it like if he where making the sun disappear. This gets him the position of Head magic and second only in command to the king himself and it saves him from burning at the stake. The Camelot that Twain places Hank Morgan is a complete opposite to the world he comes from. He views them as a pack of uneducated fools and savages. This situation is much like that of the Time Traveler in H.G. Wells the Time Machine. Instead of going back in time he goes forward in time wher e the Eloi and the Morlocks, different races of people, are thrown back to primitive conditions. He talks to Eloi and sees them as little children who the Morlocks work for food and labor.

Dehumanization in Death of a Salesman Essay -- Death Salesman essays

Dehumanization in Death of a Salesman Alienation and l onenessliness are two of the a great deal explored themes in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman. Yet they can also cause other effects which are just as harmful, if non more so. In Death of a Salesman, two of these other results are dehumanization and a loss of individual freedom. This is a very complex blade of emotions, but as Miller said, Death of a Salesman is not, of course, in the realistic tradition, having broken out into quite a new synthesis of psychological and accessible dimensions (Eight vii). It did indeed break out in the modernist direction. It is a wonderful example of the way modernist writers expressed their beliefs. They believed that the industrialization of society caused people to lose their individuality. Willys length of service at his advertising firm means very little in the larger scheme of things. He is just one of the many workers. He begins to bear out and be of little use. Therefore, he is discarded and presumably replaced with manyone who will do the job more efficiently. He is not treated as a human being but as a part of a larger mechanism, a larger machine. This crushes what little self-esteem he has left. This motorise society can also lead to a loss of individual freedom. In order to survive, one must be a part of the competitiveness. This may mean giving up having the freedom to choose a pleasing occupation. Biff wants to find his own way and do what he wants he is looked hatful upon because of his wish. Happy, his brother, wants to be financially successful. He knows that in order to do that, he needs to join the work force and persevere where his father failed. In this society, one can either do what he ch... ...g the Loman family, Miller relates the larger, all encompassing themes of the modernists to a common American family. Miller relates them, specifically Willy Loman, to society as a whole and to the smaller societal unit of the family. He then go es on to show the psychological responses to and results of societal conditions. Specifically, he demonstrates that interaction with modern society without some understanding of what is occurring can lead to alienation and loneliness. These, in turn, can lead to dehumanization and a loss of freedom for the individual. Works Cited Baym, Franklin, Gottesman, Holland, et al., eds. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 4th ed. youthful York Norton, 1994. Florio, Thomas A., ed. Millers Tales. The New Yorker. 70 (1994) 35-36. ---. Eight Plays. New York Nelson Doubleday, 1981.

Dehumanization in Death of a Salesman Essay -- Death Salesman essays

De manization in Death of a Salesman Alienation and loneliness are two of the frequently explored themes in Arthur millers Death of a Salesman. Yet they backside also cause other effects which are just as harmful, if not more so. In Death of a Salesman, two of these other results are dehumanization and a loss of individual freedom. This is a very complex web of emotions, but as milling machine said, Death of a Salesman is not, of course, in the realistic tradition, having broken out into quite a new synthesis of psychological and social dimensions (Eight vii). It did indeed go wrong out in the modernist direction. It is a wonderful example of the way modernist writers expressed their beliefs. They believed that the industrialization of society caused people to lose their individuality. Willys seniority at his announce firm means very little in the larger scheme of things. He is just one of the many workers. He begins to wear out and be of little use. Therefore, he is discarded and presumably replaced with someone who will do the job more efficiently. He is not treated as a human being but as a part of a larger mechanism, a larger machine. This crushes what little self-esteem he has left. This mechanized society merchantman also lead to a loss of individual freedom. In order to survive, one must be a part of the competitiveness. This may mean giving up having the freedom to choose a pleasing occupation. Biff wants to find his own way and do what he wants he is looked down upon because of his wish. Happy, his brother, wants to be financially successful. He knows that in order to do that, he needs to join the work force and persevere where his father failed. In this society, one can any do what he ch... ...g the Loman family, Miller relates the larger, all encompassing themes of the modernists to a common American family. Miller relates them, specifically Willy Loman, to society as a whole and to the little societal unit of the family. He then goes on to show the psychological responses to and results of societal conditions. Specifically, he demonstrates that interaction with modern society without some understanding of what is occurring can lead to alienation and loneliness. These, in turn, can lead to dehumanization and a loss of freedom for the individual. Works Cited Baym, Franklin, Gottesman, Holland, et al., eds. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 4th ed. New York Norton, 1994. Florio, Thomas A., ed. Millers Tales. The New Yorker. 70 (1994) 35-36. ---. Eight Plays. New York Nelson Doubleday, 1981.

Telecommunication Industry Analysis

The domestic telecom exertion offers a broad range of services through and through four primary product segments radio, television, voice communications, and broadband services, the two largest be voice communications and broadband services (Industry). These services atomic number 18 offered to businesses and face-to-face consumers, and argon the industrys primary user segments. Companies in the telecommunication industry are the primary means by which communication is provided, whether it is by telephone, Internet, or television. utilize transmissions of signals over networks of radio towers, data is transferred to customers using devices, such as a phone (Telecommunications). Determining which segment to market to and who drives the market is integral for companies in the telecommunication industry to understand.User Segments The telecommunication industry markets to two segments business and personal consumers. The business segment utilizes the services of the telecom indust ry for discontinue communication, higher efficiency, and better distribution of data (Telecommunications and Business). As businesses engage communication devices for email, phone, teleconferencing, and data transferring, companies are marketing to businesses offering the most advanced and efficient products. Businesses also allow for a larger budget for spending, and consequently telecommunication companies are refining their product to fit their needs on a larger scale. AT&T and Verizon communication theory are the leading providers in the business segment, offering services such as videoconferencing, networking, Internet, and voice communications.Personal consumers are the other segment the telecommunication industry markets to. With over 290 million subscribers in the United States (U.S.), companies in the telecommunication industry are on a very competitive compete field. AT&T and Verizion, again the leading providers in the personal consumer segment, spend a large amount e ach year on advertising trying to reach their markets (The Account). Consumers extremity products with the most speed and reliability, which forces companies to update constantly. With new products and features coming out regularly, it is imperative these companies stay current with the latest technology.Product Segments The two product segments that define the telecommunication industry are voice communications and broadband services. Voice communications entail phone services such as phone calls and voice messaging. Businesses and personal users rely heavily on this service, as people are requiring reliable and efficient phone service in their everyday lives. Features play an integral design in defining the product, so companies must hold in feedback from consumers to know how to improve their product (Cell Phone).Broadband services offer Internet access to its users. This technology is up constantly, becoming faster and much efficient. Integrating into phones, television, an d DSL, broadband services are becoming increasingly important to having a reliable product and reaching customers (Industry). over the past decade, Internet subscribers have doubled, reaching over 266 million customers (World), which shows the prevalence of broadband services in the United States. As many of the telecommunication companies have merged in recent years, they are able to offer a larger product as well as bundled media packages, which brings in new gross sources and opportunities for growth (Industry).In the telecommunication industry, the consumer is driving the market. As technology is advancing and more features are becoming available, companies must customize their products to fit the consumers needs. Many consumers require different features and options, which require the companies to stay current with recent trends. Customer service has also played a large role in the satisfaction of customers, and the companies present a lot of feedback to improve their product s (Industry).Trends in the Telecommunication Industry As the telecommunication industry evolves, so do the trends that drive it. Demographics have become less(prenominal) important, although age and occupation does play a major role (Market). Teens are becoming a target for companies, as well as business professionals (Teens). Consumer trends are driving adoption of phones in the market, as social networking, jobs, and personal use are becoming parts of everyday life (Consumer). Technological advancements are playing a major role in the development of the telecommunication industry. Products are becoming faster, cheaper, and of higher quality, as well as including features and applications for consumers so they can go on and work more efficiently (Top).Competitors One of the hand competitors in the telecommunications industry is AT&T. With over $124 billion in total revenue (T), AT&T is one of the largest providers of telecommunication services in the United States. Their main pro ducts are for businesses as well as the consumer, including wireless, broadband, phone, and data solution services. AT&Ts strategy involves working with its suppliers and customers to improve their efficiencies and form a despotic, long-lasting relationship with them. They improve their company by becoming more sustainable, in hopes of promoting a positive impact on the communities it serves (AT&T Corporate).Verizon Communications is also a leading competitor in the telecommunications industry. With $106.5 billion in total revenue last year (VZ), Verizon is another leading provider of telecommunication services in the United States. Verizon offers products similar to AT&T, which enables them to compete closely with AT&T. Their basic strategy involves being proactive in improving their services to satisfy customers. Verizon continually adapts to new technology and brings innovation to all its products. Their goal is to improve the quality of life for its customers by offering innova tive products (Verizon).Sprint Nextel Communications, totaling $32 billion in total revenue in 2010 (S), is a smaller competitor but is still among the top companies in the domestic telecommunication industry. Sprint offers phones for business and personal use, as well as business solutions to help the company operate its communications with more ease. Part of their strategy is to foster and develop relationships with organizations to form alliances and deliver integrated products and services. Sprint is also involved in becoming more responsible, in regards to its products, the environment, and its customers (About).

An American Family Essay

Critics predicted that by the end of the mid-century, the American family will no longer exist as we know ita delimitate that holds true on the current situation of the country. The image of an American family is as fluid as fashion. This connotation is evident with the number of juvenile delinquents, divorce hearings and national violence cases that is reported each day. The advent of democracy and liberalism has perhaps triggered the immense transformation on viewing an American family. Globalization for one, takes the largest piece of this shift.The countrys unbolting wrap on the issue of foreign affairs has created a large impact on every Americans life. Diversity they say, has made the Americans mature. that what most do not realize is that the country has been divided by these borrowed or adopted ordeals. Similar to the American dream, an American familys dignifying fount has shifted to a somewhat aggressive and liberal type (Glick, 2006). Conceivably, this change can be ch arged to the saying that the world is in constant flux.However, republicans would resent the changes that has transcribed. presumption the percentage of migrating individuals and the increase of Americans going abroadit is most likely that other culture will blend in (or in the near future dominate) with what is in spite of appearance the core of American virtues. Simple logic would explain this argument. To date, a laissez faire scenario is occurring. More and more changes are to occur if Americans will not pave a guidance to keep the tradition. It is a fact that every country has their respective culture, beliefs and tradition.And the endpoint of this matter would either be of the benefit of the alien or of the resident. Hence, the real picture show on this squabble marks as to whether these changes have preserved the distinctive quality of an American family or otherwise. And in this case, there is a huge chess opening that the picture will be dominated by the visiting force s. The shift is in fast pacethe critics may have predicted the future accurately.ReferenceGlick, P. C. (2006). The Family look Cycle and Social ChangeThe Family Life Cycle and Social Change. Family Relations, 38(2).

Identity forming in adolescents Essay

We whitethorn understand this age group if we look at its place on the growth era of Erik Erikson. Notice how it is right next to the adult demo, the last step before being an adult. This is a magazine for teenages to decide about their future line of proceeding and call about starting their own families in a few years. One of the first things they must do is to start making their own decisions. For example, adolescents cease begin to decide what to bribe with their own money or who will be their friend. To do this they must put a little distance surrounded by themselves and their p atomic number 18nts.This does not recollect that parents cannot continue to look after them or help them when needed. Parents should, as much as possible, let them learn from the results of their actions. Adolescents also need to be around other adults, both male and female. These can be relatives, neighbors, or teachers. Of course, they should be positive purpose models. Teenagers can learn fro m them about things equivalent how to clutter the car, getting along with others, or ideas for future jobs. Finally, adolescents want to spend time alone. They might be planning the things they can do or will buy when they grow up. identicalness forming may be an randy turbulent phase of life in adolescents, due in deduct to the physical and mental changes they are experiencing. Adolescence is a stage, which is associated with considerable changes in self. Erik Erikson (1968) recognized adolescence as a study life stage for individuation formation, and individual development within a well-disposed context. He argued that adolescents must receive community acceptance for their behavior. Erikson also spoke of the role of intergenerational kindlyization where society must provide for a mutual trustiness to assure self-chosen values and interests.Achieving a signified of identity is a fundamental task for adolescents. The clear sense of own(prenominal) identity constitutes an aspect of optimal psychological functioning (Erikson, 1968). Adolescents face a range of developmental issues. Havighurst (1952) suggested that two meaning(a) areas included work and relationships. Levinson (1978) foc manipulationd on changing relationships and on exploration, while Erikson (1968) commented on intimacy and commitment to purposes. Super (1963) indicated that exploring and crystallizing vocational choice are important to older adolescents and new-fashioned adults.What seems evident is that older adolescents and young adults enter transitions with the goal of becoming independently functioning adults, as they strive to meet evolving personal and career related needs. Rapid and escalating changes in labor market and post-secondary educational opportunities mean that adolescents now are confronted with the challenge of meeting their personal and career needs when neither can offer certainty or a sense of personal control. According to Erikson, there are eight stages of human development.Each of the stage focuses on a different conflict that needs to be solved in order to develop successfully into the next stages of life. The idea is that if one stage is not resolved, one might pass a difficulty to deal with the deliver the goods stages and the failure will come back at some point later in life. Puberty marks the beginning of stage five, identity versus role confusion. This stage occurs between ages twelve to eighteen. Erikson defined this stage as the time when adolescents develop a sense of self. They tend to question who they are and what they want to do with their lives.They will associate all of their experiences and differentiate their various roles up until that moment dependent child, autonomy, initiative and achievement into a secure individuality. If unresolved past crises have followed them into stage five, they will experience identity as role confusion. In other words, they will have no idea of who they are or what they would li ke to be. Peter Pan, the fairytale story of the childlike individual who refused to grow up, is a perfect example of this role confusion. These individuals are constantly searching to fill their worked up needs through relationships with others.Just as Peter Pan looked to Wendy for impression and nurturance, these individuals do the same because they neglect self-soothing skills. This is what we sometimes call low emotional quotients. They oft have very low self-confidence and they fear exploring new things and meeting new batch. All of the childs experiences were carried up to this transitional stage. The attachment and bond that the infant learned in infancy during stage one provides security that is needed in this stage to be able to relate to the opposite sex.The efficacy to set boundaries and say no from stage two provides the structure needed to establish sexual boundaries. The sexual exploration experienced by the child during stage three and the reaction of parents wi ll help determine a positive or negative self-perception regarding the body as good or bad. Stage quatern taught the youngster brotherly and educational skills in grade school which will now determine the attitude towards future academic education and the social rail to follow. Any of the previous tasks that were difficult to master will now affect the transition into adolescence.Since this is an awkward time of life, peer approval becomes even more important because it rests on the childs entire self-esteem when being judged by others. Physical development occurs during this period when males experience voice changes, acne, and baby fat. Girls experience emotional difficulties and are most conscious of their body image. It is during this time that girls will develop eating disorders because they tend to be so critical of their bodies. This period is very similar to stage two when the young child learned how to say no.Rebelling is a large part of the adolescents life at this ti me when feelings of insecurity surface. During stage five puppy love occurs and everyone talks about who is dating whom. If the adolescent has had difficulty with trust and self-esteem issues prior to this stage, he may feel too shy to go steady and may isolate from others. This a time when adolescents have difficulty coping with everyday problems. If earlier tasks were successfully mastered then there will be little difficulty in coping with new problems that will arise.Peer Pressure During adolescence, it is more apparent that an individual has trouble in deciding what to do with his life and what to do to fit in and be considered cool. One may act and think as if an adult but is not really considered as one in a real adults world. They will try so unassailable to separate themselves and be considered different from children but will someway have difficulty proving it to people. Peer pressure comes in when an adolescent tries so hard to do what others do to make him feel like h e belongs to a certain group.The feeling of belongingness is very important to an adolescent during this stage as it somehow gives him an identity derived from the group where he belongs. This identity may be elite, intelligent, rebel, notorious, cool, popular and so on. The image an adolescent exudes is as important as if that is what only matters. One may do things upon urging and taunting of his peers. Peer pressure may push one to do irrational things just to be able to be authorized by his colleagues. One episode of Nip Tuck about Matt circumcising himself when his surgeon set out would not do it is an example of this.Another example is the latest craze among youths in South Korea. Since image and appearance plays a very important part in an adolescents life, one may go to extremes such as plastic surgery. Having bigger eyes is every girls inhalation in South Korea. Teenagers as young as 14 are doing it, and eye jobs have become a favorite high school commencement ceremon y gift from proud parents (Ko 2002). Substance Abuse Puberty is the most critical stage in ones life. This is the stage where adolescents sometimes withdraw from the family and vacate to substance abuse to avoid the pain that accompanies the stress and anxiety that they experience.According to the Adolescent substance abuse knowledge base (1999) The primary factors that seem to affect increased or decreased drug use among teens are perceived risk, perceived social approval, and perceived availability. The more risky or less accepted a drug is thought to be the less likely it will be used by teens. Perceived availability is often associated with overall social approval, and so, a drug that is readily available is considered socially acceptable and will likely increase in use. While these seem like common sense factors, how these perceptions are created is harder to understand.Parents may not realize just how easy it is for youths to get illicit drugs. They may not realize how young children are when they begin to audition with alcohol and drugs. Statistics can alert parents to the need to communicate with their children about the dangers of substance abuse and help them develop strategies to cope with peer pressure. In the 2000 National rest home Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA), approximately 13 percent of youths aged 12 to 17 reported past month use of cigarettes, and more than 4 percent reported consume daily during the past month of the same year.This is equivalent to approximately 3 meg past month smokers, including nearly 1 million daily smokers among youths. Approximately 16 percent of youths had used alcohol within the past month, including 10 percent reporting binge use had five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. leash percent reporting heavy alcohol use had five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days. The proportion translates to almost 4 million past month alco hol users, including almost 2.5 million binge alcohol users, and 0. 6 million heavy alcohol users among youths. Media Influences There are so many television commercials nowadays showing an underage TV character commenting about drinking beer, using condoms, picking out cigarette brands and so on. Most of the parents change the channel when a character joked about smoking a joint or having a one-night stand when their child is around. Television, music, and advertisements flood children and youth with messages that may go against what that they have heard at home and school. round messages teach children that alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs are dangerous other messages make drugs and alcohol look cool and make you fit in in the society. Of the many factors influencing adolescents to begin, or not to begin smoking, drinking, and having sexual intercourse, a prominent and likely one is information conveyed via mass media. Despite restrictions on some mass media advertising for tob acco products or alcoholic beverages, even condom brands, young audiences still encounter substantial media content related to those across virtually all media channels.Society and social scientists alike have long assumed that there are direct effects, perhaps powerful effects, of media messages on individuals. Lay people and researchers make this assumption because it is intuitively reasonable persuasive media messages surely influence youth. One thing that parents can do is to use messages from the media TV, music, and ads to talk with their children about tough issues like alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs. talking during commercials can help promote a positive relationship between parents and their children.In many ways, these moments may be more effective than long, planned discussions when these young adults are likely to tune out. The medias influence on everyone, particularly on adolescents, is great. However, when properly guided by the parents, this particularly diff icult stage of forming identity among youths may be lessened, as they understand how things are seen in the adult world and in another perspective other than theirs.CONCLUSION Developmentally, the young people were trying to meet personal and emotional needs, while in a state of flux and uncertainty in identity forming.It was apparent that a lack of progress in one area could have a negative influence on the other areas. Parental guidance, sagaciousness and nurturing is of utmost importance on this most critical stage of a persons life. In general, Ericksons Theory of Human Development is widely accepted and plays a major role in all human and psychological development studies and theories. The best advice is to use the theory as a framework or map for understanding and identifying what issues or conflicts unresolved lead to current behavior and preparing for the stages to come.References Adolescent Substance Abuse Knowledge Base. (1999). Retrieved on November 29, 2006 from http//w ww. adolescent-substance-abuse. com/. Erikson, Erik. (2001). Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Personal Identity. (2001). Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Erikson, Erik H. (1963). Childhood and Society (2nd ed. ) New York Norton. Erikson, Erik. H. (1968). Identity youth and crisis. New York W. W. Norton. Havighurst, R. J. (1952). Developmental tasks and education. New York David McKay. Health and Human Services. (2001). HHS Report Shows Drug Use Rates Stable, Youth Tobacco Use Declines.United States surgical incision of Health and Human Services. Retrieved on December 1, 2006 from http//www. hhs. gov/news/press/2001pres/20011004a. html. Ko, Chisu (2002). Peer Pressure Plastics. TIME Asia magazine. Retrieved on November 29, 2006 from http//www. time. com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501020805-332098,00. html Levinson, D. (1978). The seasons of a mans life. New York Ballantine. Meyer, William J. (2001). Developmental Psychology. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Super, D. E. (1963) . Career development Essays in vocational development. New York College Entrance Examination Board.

Consulting Report of Solberri Hotel

Solberri Hotel January 20 2012 This propound is in response to the request by Solberri hotel root for a criticism of its confront issues and identification of possible solutions. Consulting report ? STATE OF AFFAIRS Solberri is a group of spa hotels registered as a listed company with 12 resort hotels in Europe. completed in the 1980s, it had run successfully until 2003 and also makered losses in 2005 and 2006. To rectify the situation, Solberri implemented st accountgy changes to the hotel operating environment much(prenominal) as the pricing changes and a overhaul program.With these adjustments, situation gets better with a large forecast funds in supernumerary in this financial socio-economic class. Currently the chain of hotels is faced with critical issues revolving or so its motion including human resources that argon better explained with the help of SWOT abbreviation in Appendix 1. It is important for Solberri to make do of the management tools to understa nd the new situation and to achieve the revenue target, increased share holder appraise and better guest satisfaction. ? ISSUES IN HAND Solberri is faced with multiple issues that act as a barrier to set up their goals and target.From our review and understanding of the environment we lay forth the below issues and rank them as priority and other issues. Priority issues unworthy client experience that could be a result of safe issues such(prenominal) as o ugly treatment of General manages and senior employees. oMisdistribution of tips oInvestment in un bankable environment whole in ally genial initiatives. The potential need to borrow money to enhance spas before the 2007/08 bloom season The need to raise tenancy rates and earnings generated from extra charges to do the planned revenue for the financial course of study ending family 2008 The forgetful share outgo and vulnerability of SolberriOther issues Installation of solar panels Non-participation in the foreign star ratings system Potential problems with the bore of outsourced armed services Upgrading website to include a virtual tour of facilities . ? ISSUE analytic thinking In this section, the analysis is done for abstract priority issues. Customer service and relevant HR issues. The quality of customer service is crucial to companies survival in service indus raise. Unfortunately, the service provided by Solberri failed to meet the expected banal of its customers.The main reason for poor customer service is employees lack of skills and motivation. The majority of Solberri employees are temporary, with express k right awayledge of the hotel industry and relevant skills. Besides, all pathetic-term employees just now receive ii days introduction fostering which is apparently insufficient. The customer service lav be improved in two aspects. In the short term, Nick Silva, customer service Director, needs to review staffing direct immediately to meet the upcoming demand. Stric t selection and a special regular training program are needed to ensure the quality of its employees.In the long term, adjusting the ratio of the number of long employees to that of short-term ones is necessary. Too umteen temporary employees lead to poor customer service and low line of business of talents, resulting in General managers written reporting long hours and under high stress (to a greater extent flesh out in ethical issues). Though more long-term employees mean more monetary values, the benefits from improved customer service leave aloneing outweigh the be. Furthermore, because recognition of employees efforts can bugger off them to offer better service, some motivation measures are recommended.According to ERG theory, peck in different trains have different needs. Most temporary employees are in the existence level, they need money to maintain their existence requirements, and therefore incentives such as bonus pull up stakes be useful. tho, most long-ter m employees are in relatedness and growth level, so incentives such as vocation award or decision making involvement will be suitable. With the new recruitment, training and incentives, its estimated that an additional employee cost of 7. 5 one thousand thousand will be incurred, a 12% increase from last class. good issuesTwo ethical issues will be discussed in this report. a. Poor treatment of employees. General Managers and key senior employees are working under high stress over 16 hours every day. Solberri gets into ethical issue of overworking employees and paying no compensation. Due to a famine of senior employees, their workload is unlikely to be reduced immediately. Therefore, the hotel should compensate for their overwork. To solve this problem fundamentally Soberri should re table service sufficient elites by increasing its long-term employees. b. Misdistribution of tips.When Solberri put in all the tips and evenly distributed them to employees, an ethical issue arose for the transparency and fairness of such distribution. much(prenominal) controversial tips distribution should be changed back to the traditional wayemployees can keep the tips for themselves. For those non-facing-customer employees who dont get tips, Solberri is recommended to increase their bonus to make up the difference. Forecast change exorbitanceage coronation issue Before analyzing the quadruplet proposals, its important to know how much property is available for empowerment.Since Solberri is under bring agreements and other financing alternatives such as rights issue cant raise funds in a short time, the tho source of funds is the internal capital. Its estimated that 59 meg cash will be generated from operations in this financial year. After deducting finance cost, tax revenue, dividends and additional HR amend costs in the depression issue, theres only 30. 9 one billion jillion cash available. (Appendix 2. 1) The total amount for the four proposals is 123 million (Appendix 2. 2).Solberri has to perform a cost benefit analysis to choose the most profitable proposal as it is clear that Solberri doesnt have enough funds to implement all of them. Proposal A is to extend the number of rooms at the four postmortem hotels by adding each a nonher 200 rooms and supporting facilities. Its estimated to generate 10 million NPV for each hotel over a 5-year period establish on an 80% occupancy level. However, this whitethorn have some controvert effects since the additional rooms and facilities make the hotel more crowded and less comfortable. Therefore, the 80% occupancy level is not guaranteed.Besides, its just the first year that Solberri has had such high occupancy levels. Extending the number of rooms in such a large scale is too risky. Proposal B is to set up in refurbishment and extend spa facilities at the remaining hotels. The forecast cost is 6 million for each hotel. The high level of bookings at the 4 postmortem examination hotels during the 2008 Peak season has demonstrated the success of the refurbishment plan. So this proposal contains comparatively little risk. Furthermore, spa facilities have become a key change point in resort hotels.This new trend provides great opportunity for Solberri to nonpayment from the Red Ocean, the very competitive market of traditional resort hotels. By differentiating itself by providing exclusive spa facilities, Solberri can successfully grab the Blue-ocean market, namely the profitable and rapidly-developing market of resort hotels with exclusive spa facilities. Finally, refurbishing the hotels can improve Solberris profit margin. However, refurbishing all the remaining hotels simultaneously is beyond Solberris financial ability. Its recommended that Solberri refurbish only three hotelstwo topnotchior and one Super Plus.Refurbishing the Super Plus hotels is riskier since there is no previous experience and the refurbishment will need to close permanently 15 rooms in ea ch hotel. But if Solberri only refurbish Superior hotels, in a short time, there will be a gap in middle-priced hotels, which is unfavorable to the companys strategic development. Proposal C is to acquire an additional resort hotel be 24 million. The expected NPV is 39. 2 million (Appendix 2. 3). Besides, the breakeven occupancy level is 60% (Appendix 2. 4), which is quite easy to achieve. So Proposal C seems profitable with intelligent risk.However, the initiate cost is too large as its for only one hotel. Compared with Proposal B, its too risky for Solberri in its first year with such good performance. Proposal D is to invest in environmentally friendly initiatives including the installation of solar panels costing 6 million and other environmental initiatives costing 9 million. Though investing in these initiatives cannot generate bread for the company directly, it can help establish Solberri as a socially responsible company which will be positive to its image. But funds ar e so limited that investing in all these in unrealistic.Its recommended that Solberri invest in the solar panel project first since it can make cost savings of 0. 6 million per year and defer the others. Loan covenant prohibition The 20 million lend negotiated at the end of 2007 has loan covenants restricting the companys further loan financing within 2 years from fallember 2007, resulting in a probable capital shortage for its approaching development. Solberri can try negotiating with the bank for removal of restriction by presentation them the latest forecast figures and the high level of bookings. However, the good performance of only one year wouldnt be convincing enough to the bank.Solberri can also try refinancing by issuing additional stocks finished public crack or private agreement. However, due to the relatively high standard and costly allowance of public religious offering, private placement is preferable. With low threshold for issuing, private placement is feasible for Solberri whose business just began to pick up after slow seasons. With the good performance this year, its probable that the Solberri will attract strategic investment from institutional investors via private placements to ensure its future development. The poor share price and vulnerability of SolberriRECOMMENDATION Customer service and related HR issues. It is recommended that Solberri immediately work out a plan for recruitment and training, to ensure job fit and effectual training among all employees. Employees who cant provide the high standard of service will be refused or assigned to non-facing-customer positions. Moreover, Solberri should set up allot motivation mechanisms such as bonus and vacation rewards. It is also recommended that Solberri blow up its long-term employee proportion by training some short-term employees to be dainty long-term ones.In this way, more employees will cultivate a experience of responsibility and can handle the previous tempo rary employees work in non-peak season. Ethical issues Its recommended that Solberri compensate for employees overwork. In the long run, the company needs to puff out its senior employee reserve. Its recommended that Solberri abandon its controversial tips distribution and set up a bonus system for non-facing customer employees to make up their income difference. Forecast cash surplus investment issueIts recommended that Solberri spend its forecast cash surplus on Proposal B to refurbish and extend the spa facilities at two Superior hotels and one Super Plus hotel, which costs 18 million in total. Since its just the first year Solberri has performed so wholesome in these years, its better for it to be conservative towards investment. Its also recommended that Solberri invest in the installation of solar panels at all 12 hotels costing 6 million and postpone other environmentally friendly initiatives due to its limited funds. These two plans will result in 6. 9 million cash retaine d Appendix 2. 5), which will help improve the liquidity of Solberri. . Loan covenant restriction It is recommended that Solberri try to negotiate with the bank for removal of the restriction. If its not workable, Solberri could try seasoned equity offering to refinance either by public offering or private placement, while private placement seems to be most feasible for Solberri and thus is highly recommended. If external financing doesnt work, it is highly recommended that Solberri try all means to control its costs. The poor share price and vulnerability of Solberri ? CONCLUSIONSolberri is now at a crucial time since its the first time it has had such good performance in these years. It is now facing several important issues. The most important ones are how to solve the poor customer service problem and which investment proposal to choose for its future development to increase the occupancy level for all the hotel rooms. It is believed that the analysis and recommendations supra ca n serve as useful references for its decision-making. Solberri has to differentiate itself in the market through a shift by showcasing its spa facilities as its forefront in capturing spend makers.With a change in visa regulations in Europe Solberri may opt to pay more attention to its local clients by offering the day use of the hotels services and facilities during non-peak seasons. To position itself as a holiday resort hotel, there should be a refurbishment of Solberris hotels to Premier standards ? SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS Good reputation with a long history turn up track record of range of spa facilities Successful refurbishment program Many of long-term employees have worked for Solberri for over 10 years with rich experience. shelter co-operation with several travel agents. Experienced board directors. High sense of Corporate Social Responsibility( 1 hotel won a bronze award in the parkland Tourism business awards, 2007 High level of bookings for Peak season 2008 with lar ge cash surplus forecast WEAKNESS Outdated information applied science systems. restrictive loan covenant. Difficulty in enforcing agreed quality service levels. Declining share price compared to 2002 Poor customer service with disappointing customer feedback. Low level of repeat booking. Lack of motivation of short-term employees. Poorly structured financial planning. Resignation of pay Director. OPPORTUNITIES High level of bookings and a forecast cash surplus of 59 million which can be used for further expansion, refurbishment program, paying dividends, and(or) clashing CSR by investing in environmentally friendly initiatives huge potential market for Spa service Pricing structure changes to boost occupancy levels in effect(p) use of variety of media to generate more sales THREATS immaterial completion from other hotel industries Understaffing and poor service to meet the high level booking that could involve reputation Resistance from Competitors having state of art inf ormation technology can be market eaders. Fall in spa revenues of one premier hotel due to a rival business operated by an ex-manager. Difference of purview amongst management staff may delay the strategy implementation. WORKINGS 2. 1. 1 Investible surplus 59 million is cash generated from operations before finance costs, tax and dividends, which should be deducted. Besides, the additional operation cost incurred by human resources management should also be deducted in order to get the available cash for investment. 2. 1. 2Cost of finance S. No. AmountRate of InterestDetailsDuration for CYInterest Cost a. 12 m10%Oct- Dec 073 months0. 3 m b. 6 m8%Repayable in Sep 20101 yr0. 48m c. 15 m11%June 20121 yr1. 65m d. 20 m10%Jan-2008 to Dec 149 mths1. 5m center3. 93 m Notes a. 12 million loan at 10% repayable in declination 2007 -As its repayable date is in December 2007, the interest expense incurred in this accounting period is only for three months (October 2007 to December 2007). 12 million*10%*3/12 = 0. 3 million b. 6 million loan at 8% repayable in September 2010 -6 million*8% = 0. 48 million c. 15 million loan at 11% repayable in June 2012 -15 million*11% = 1. 5 million d. 20 million loan at 10% beginning in January 2008 and repayable in December 2014 -As this loan began in January 2008, the interest expense incurred in this accounting period is only for nine months (January 2008 to September 2008). 20 million*10%*9/12 = 1. 5 million 2. 1. 3 revenue enhancement expense As stated in the case, the post-tax profit for the year ended September 2008 will be 27 million. Based on the tax rate of 32%, the taxable income = 27 million/(1-32%) = 39. 7 million . Therefore, the tax expense = 39. 7 million*32% = 12. 7 million 2. 1. 4 DividendsIn 2007, Solberri made a profit of 5 million and paid 2 million for dividends, which equals a dividend per share of 0. 083. Its recommended that Solberri double the DPS this year, making the total dividends expenditure as much as 4 million. 2. 1. 5 extra operation cost As is mentioned before, the high occupancy level this year will incur additional operational cost due to the employee recruitment, training and motivation. It estimated to be around 7. 5 million based on an estimated 12% increase compared with 2007 when the staff costs were 62 million. Cash Available for Investment( in million)Investible surplus( before deduction)= 59. 00 less(prenominal) Interest cost 3. 93 Tax expense 12. 7 Dividend expense 4. 00 Additional operation cost 7. 5 salary surplus= 30. 9 2. 2. fit cost for all four investment proposals ProposalInvestment cost per hotelNumber of hotels perfect cost A9 million436 million B6 million848 million C****24 million D15 million Total cost123 million **Total cost for Proposal C = acquiring cost + refurbishing cost + marketing cost = 5 million +16 million+3 million = 24 million Total cost for Proposal D = 15 million 2. . Expected NPV of Proposal C As is shown in the case, when occupancy l evel equals 95%, the NPV will be 100. 0 million. When its 80%, the NPV will be 35 million. When its 50%, the NPV will be 25 million. And their probabilities are 25%, 60% and 15% respectively. Therefore, the weighted average NPV = 100. 0 million*25% + 35. 0 million*60% +(-25 million)*15% = 42. 2 million However the marketing cost of 3 million is excluded in the above NPV, so the expected NPV of Proposal C = 42. 2 million 3 million = 39. 2 million 2. 4. Breakeven occupancy level of Proposal C When occupancy level equals 95%, the NPV will be 97 million.When its 50%, the NPV will be -28 million. Thus, when the occupancy level decreases by 1%, the NPV will decrease by 2. 78 million. 97 million (-28 million) / (95-50) = 2. 78 million In this way, when the occupancy level changes by about 35% (97/2. 78), the NPV will decrease to zero. Therefore, the breakeven occupancy level is around 60%. 2. 5 Estimated cash retained Estimated cash retained = cash available for investment investment co sts = 30. 9 million 24 million = 6. 9 million Comparison between Solberri and enlightenment Asia hold with the DuPont stupefy 3. 1 DuPont Model of Solberri 2007 Return on lawfulness (ROE) 0. 568 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 3086? beauteousness Multiplier (EM) 1. 8409 Profit border 0. 0314? Total Asset derangement 0. 9815 1 /(1Debt Ratio 0. 4568) bread Income/ crystalize sales Net Sales/ honest Total Assets Total Liabilities/Total Assets 3. 2 DuPont Model of Shangri-la Asia Limited 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 1046 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 1029? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 016 Profit Margin 0. 3069? Total Asset Turnover 0. 3354 1 /(1Debt Ratio 0. 0159) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets Total Liabilities/Total Assets Comparison between Solberri and Shangri-la Asia Limited with the DuPont Model 3. DuPont Model of Solberri 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 0568 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 3086? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 8409 Profit Margin 0. 0314? Total Asset Turnover 0. 9815 1 /(1Debt Ratio 0. 4568) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets Total Liabilities/Total Assets 3. 2 DuPont Model of Shangri-la Asia Limited 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 1046 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 1029? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 016 Profit Margin 0. 3069? Total Asset Turnover 0. 3354 1 /(1Debt Ratio 0. 0159) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets T Solberri Hotel January 20 2012This report is in response to the request by Solberri hotel group for a review of its facing issues and identification of possible solutions. Consulting report ? STATE OF AFFAIRS Solberri is a group of resort hotels registered as a listed company with 12 resort hotels in Europe. Established in the 1980s, it had run successfully until 2003 and also incurred losses in 2005 and 2006. To improve the situation, Solberri implemented strategy changes to the hotel operating environment such as the pricing changes and a refurbishment program. With these adjustments, situation ge ts better with a large forecast cash surplus in this financial year.Currently the chain of hotels is faced with critical issues revolving around its operation including human resources that are better explained with the help of SWOT analysis in Appendix 1. It is important for Solberri to make use of the management tools to understand the current situation and to achieve the revenue target, increased share holder value and better customer satisfaction. ? ISSUES IN HAND Solberri is faced with multiple issues that act as a barrier to meet their goals and target. From our review and understanding of the environment we put forth the below issues and rank them as priority and other issues.Priority issues Poor customer experience that could be a result of ethical issues such as oPoor treatment of General manages and senior employees. oMisdistribution of tips oInvestment in unprofitable environmentally friendly initiatives. The potential need to borrow money to enhance spas before the 2007/ 08 Peak season The need to raise occupancy rates and earnings generated from extra charges to hit the planned revenue for the financial year ending September 2008 The poor share price and vulnerability of Solberri Other issues Installation of solar panels Non-participation in the international star ratings system Potential problems with the quality of outsourced services Upgrading website to include a virtual tour of facilities . ? ISSUE ANALYSIS In this section, the analysis is done for top priority issues. Customer service and relevant HR issues. The quality of customer service is crucial to companies survival in service industry. Unfortunately, the service provided by Solberri failed to meet the expected standard of its customers. The main reason for poor customer service is employees lack of skills and motivation.The majority of Solberri employees are temporary, with limited knowledge of the hotel industry and relevant skills. Besides, all short-term employees only receive two d ays introduction training which is apparently insufficient. The customer service can be improved in two aspects. In the short term, Nick Silva, customer service Director, needs to review staffing level immediately to meet the upcoming demand. Strict selection and a specific regular training program are needed to ensure the quality of its employees.In the long term, adjusting the ratio of the number of long-term employees to that of short-term ones is necessary. Too many temporary employees lead to poor customer service and low stock of talents, resulting in General managers working long hours and under high stress (more details in ethical issues). Though more long-term employees mean more costs, the benefits from improved customer service will outweigh the costs. Furthermore, because recognition of employees efforts can stimulate them to offer better service, some motivation measures are recommended.According to ERG theory, people in different levels have different needs. Most tempo rary employees are in the existence level, they need money to maintain their existence requirements, and therefore incentives such as bonus will be useful. However, most long-term employees are in relatedness and growth level, so incentives such as vocation award or decision making involvement will be suitable. With the new recruitment, training and incentives, its estimated that an additional employee cost of 7. 5 million will be incurred, a 12% increase from last year. Ethical issuesTwo ethical issues will be discussed in this report. a. Poor treatment of employees. General Managers and key senior employees are working under high stress over 16 hours every day. Solberri gets into ethical issue of overworking employees and paying no compensation. Due to a shortage of senior employees, their workload is unlikely to be reduced immediately. Therefore, the hotel should compensate for their overwork. To solve this problem fundamentally Soberri should reserve sufficient elites by increas ing its long-term employees. b. Misdistribution of tips.When Solberri collected all the tips and evenly distributed them to employees, an ethical issue arose for the transparency and fairness of such distribution. Such controversial tips distribution should be changed back to the traditional wayemployees can keep the tips for themselves. For those non-facing-customer employees who dont get tips, Solberri is recommended to increase their bonus to make up the difference. Forecast cash surplus investment issue Before analyzing the four proposals, its important to know how much cash is available for investment.Since Solberri is under loan covenants and other financing alternatives such as rights issue cant raise funds in a short time, the only source of funds is the internal capital. Its estimated that 59 million cash will be generated from operations in this financial year. After deducting finance costs, tax, dividends and additional HR reform costs in the first issue, theres only 30. 9 million cash available. (Appendix 2. 1) The total amount for the four proposals is 123 million (Appendix 2. 2). Solberri has to perform a cost benefit analysis to choose the most rofitable proposal as it is clear that Solberri doesnt have enough funds to implement all of them. Proposal A is to extend the number of rooms at the four Premier hotels by adding each another 200 rooms and supporting facilities. Its estimated to generate 10 million NPV for each hotel over a 5-year period based on an 80% occupancy level. However, this may have some negative effects since the additional rooms and facilities make the hotel more crowded and less comfortable. Therefore, the 80% occupancy level is not guaranteed.Besides, its just the first year that Solberri has had such high occupancy levels. Extending the number of rooms in such a large scale is too risky. Proposal B is to invest in refurbishment and extend spa facilities at the remaining hotels. The forecast cost is 6 million for each hotel . The high level of bookings at the 4 Premier hotels during the 2008 Peak season has demonstrated the success of the refurbishment plan. So this proposal contains relatively little risk. Furthermore, spa facilities have become a key selling point in resort hotels.This new trend provides great opportunity for Solberri to escape from the Red Ocean, the very competitive market of traditional resort hotels. By differentiating itself by providing exclusive spa facilities, Solberri can successfully grab the Blue-ocean market, namely the profitable and rapidly-developing market of resort hotels with exclusive spa facilities. Finally, refurbishing the hotels can improve Solberris profit margin. However, refurbishing all the remaining hotels simultaneously is beyond Solberris financial ability. Its recommended that Solberri refurbish only three hotelstwo Superior and one Super Plus.Refurbishing the Super Plus hotels is riskier since there is no previous experience and the refurbishment will need to close permanently 15 rooms in each hotel. But if Solberri only refurbish Superior hotels, in a short time, there will be a gap in middle-priced hotels, which is unfavorable to the companys strategic development. Proposal C is to acquire an additional resort hotel costing 24 million. The expected NPV is 39. 2 million (Appendix 2. 3). Besides, the breakeven occupancy level is 60% (Appendix 2. 4), which is quite easy to achieve. So Proposal C seems profitable with reasonable risk.However, the initiate cost is too large as its for only one hotel. Compared with Proposal B, its too risky for Solberri in its first year with such good performance. Proposal D is to invest in environmentally friendly initiatives including the installation of solar panels costing 6 million and other environmental initiatives costing 9 million. Though investing in these initiatives cannot generate profits for the company directly, it can help establish Solberri as a socially responsible company which wi ll be positive to its image. But funds are so limited that investing in all these in unrealistic.Its recommended that Solberri invest in the solar panel project first since it can produce cost savings of 0. 6 million per year and defer the others. Loan covenant restriction The 20 million loan negotiated at the end of 2007 has loan covenants restricting the companys further loan financing within 2 years from December 2007, resulting in a probable capital shortage for its future development. Solberri can try negotiating with the bank for removal of restriction by showing them the latest forecast figures and the high level of bookings. However, the good performance of only one year wouldnt be convincing enough to the bank.Solberri can also try refinancing by issuing additional stocks through public offering or private placement. However, due to the relatively high standard and costly registration of public offering, private placement is preferable. With low threshold for issuing, priva te placement is feasible for Solberri whose business just began to pick up after slow seasons. With the good performance this year, its probable that the Solberri will attract strategic investment from institutional investors via private placements to ensure its future development. The poor share price and vulnerability of SolberriRECOMMENDATION Customer service and related HR issues. It is recommended that Solberri immediately work out a plan for recruitment and training, to ensure job fit and effective training among all employees. Employees who cant provide the high standard of service will be refused or assigned to non-facing-customer positions. Moreover, Solberri should set up appropriate motivation mechanisms such as bonus and vacation rewards. It is also recommended that Solberri enlarge its long-term employee proportion by training some short-term employees to be skillful long-term ones.In this way, more employees will cultivate a sense of responsibility and can handle the p revious temporary employees work in non-peak season. Ethical issues Its recommended that Solberri compensate for employees overwork. In the long run, the company needs to enlarge its senior employee reserve. Its recommended that Solberri abandon its controversial tips distribution and set up a bonus system for non-facing customer employees to make up their income difference. Forecast cash surplus investment issueIts recommended that Solberri spend its forecast cash surplus on Proposal B to refurbish and extend the spa facilities at two Superior hotels and one Super Plus hotel, which costs 18 million in total. Since its just the first year Solberri has performed so well in these years, its better for it to be conservative towards investment. Its also recommended that Solberri invest in the installation of solar panels at all 12 hotels costing 6 million and postpone other environmentally friendly initiatives due to its limited funds. These two plans will result in 6. 9 million cash re tained (Appendix 2. ), which will help improve the liquidity of Solberri. . Loan covenant restriction It is recommended that Solberri try to negotiate with the bank for removal of the restriction. If its not workable, Solberri could try seasoned equity offering to refinance either by public offering or private placement, while private placement seems to be most feasible for Solberri and thus is highly recommended. If external financing doesnt work, it is highly recommended that Solberri try all means to control its costs. The poor share price and vulnerability of Solberri ? CONCLUSIONSolberri is now at a crucial time since its the first time it has had such good performance in these years. It is now facing several important issues. The most important ones are how to solve the poor customer service problem and which investment proposal to choose for its future development to increase the occupancy level for all the hotel rooms. It is believed that the analysis and recommendations abo ve can serve as useful references for its decision-making. Solberri has to differentiate itself in the market through a shift by showcasing its spa facilities as its forefront in capturing holiday makers.With a change in visa regulations in Europe Solberri may opt to pay more attention to its local clients by offering the day use of the hotels services and facilities during non-peak seasons. To position itself as a holiday resort hotel, there should be a refurbishment of Solberris hotels to Premier standards ? SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS Good reputation with a long history Proven track record of range of spa facilities Successful refurbishment program Many of long-term employees have worked for Solberri for over 10 years with rich experience. Stable co-operation with several travel agents. Experienced board directors. High sense of Corporate Social Responsibility( 1 hotel won a bronze award in the Green Tourism business awards, 2007 High level of bookings for Peak season 2008 with large cash surplus forecast WEAKNESS Outdated information technology systems. Restrictive loan covenant. Difficulty in enforcing agreed quality service levels. Declining share price compared to 2002 Poor customer service with disappointing customer feedback. Low level of repeat booking. Lack of motivation of short-term employees. Poorly structured financial planning. Resignation of Finance Director. OPPORTUNITIES High level of bookings and a forecast cash surplus of 59 million which can be used for further expansion, refurbishment program, paying dividends, and(or) meeting CSR by investing in environmentally friendly initiatives Huge potential market for Spa service Pricing structure changes to boost occupancy levels Effective use of variety of media to generate more sales THREATS External completion from other hotel industries Understaffing and poor service to meet the high level booking that could impact reputation Resistance from Competitors having state of art information technolo gy can be market leaders. Fall in spa revenues of one premier hotel due to a rival business operated by an ex-manager. Difference of opinion amongst management staff may delay the strategy implementation. WORKINGS 2. 1. 1 Investible surplus 59 million is cash generated from operations before finance costs, tax and dividends, which should be deducted. Besides, the additional operation cost incurred by human resources management should also be deducted in order to get the available cash for investment. 2. 1. 2Cost of financeS. No. AmountRate of InterestDetailsDuration for CYInterest Cost a. 12 m10%Oct- Dec 073 months0. 3 m b. 6 m8%Repayable in Sep 20101 yr0. 48m c. 15 m11%June 20121 yr1. 65m d. 20 m10%Jan-2008 to Dec 149 mths1. 5m Total3. 93 m Notes a. 12 million loan at 10% repayable in December 2007 -As its repayable date is in December 2007, the interest expense incurred in this accounting period is only for three months (October 2007 to December 2007). 12 million*10%*3/12 = 0. 3 million b. 6 million loan at 8% repayable in September 2010 -6 million*8% = 0. 48 million c. 15 million loan at 11% repayable in June 2012 -15 million*11% = 1. 65 million d. 20 million loan at 10% beginning in January 2008 and repayable in December 2014 -As this loan began in January 2008, the interest expense incurred in this accounting period is only for nine months (January 2008 to September 2008). 20 million*10%*9/12 = 1. 5 million 2. 1. 3 Tax expense As stated in the case, the post-tax profit for the year ended September 2008 will be 27 million. Based on the tax rate of 32%, the taxable income = 27 million/(1-32%) = 39. 7 million . Therefore, the tax expense = 39. 7 million*32% = 12. 7 million 2. . 4 Dividends In 2007, Solberri made a profit of 5 million and paid 2 million for dividends, which equals a dividend per share of 0. 083. Its recommended that Solberri double the DPS this year, making the total dividends expenditure as much as 4 million. 2. 1. 5 Additional operation co st As is mentioned before, the high occupancy level this year will incur additional operational cost due to the employee recruitment, training and motivation. It estimated to be around 7. 5 million based on an estimated 12% increase compared with 2007 when the staff costs were 62 million. Cash Available for Investment( in million)Investible surplus( before deduction)= 59. 00 Less Interest cost 3. 93 Tax expense 12. 7 Dividend expense 4. 00 Additional operation cost 7. 5 Net surplus= 30. 9 2. 2. Total cost for all four investment proposals ProposalInvestment cost per hotelNumber of hotelsTotal cost A9 million436 million B6 million848 million C****24 million D15 million Total cost123 million **Total cost for Proposal C = acquiring cost + refurbishing cost + marketing cost = 5 million +16 million+3 million = 24 million Total cost for Proposal D = 15 million . 3. Expected NPV of Proposal C As is shown in the case, when occupancy level equals 95%, the NPV will be 100. 0 million. When i ts 80%, the NPV will be 35 million. When its 50%, the NPV will be 25 million. And their probabilities are 25%, 60% and 15% respectively. Therefore, the weighted average NPV = 100. 0 million*25% + 35. 0 million*60% +(-25 million)*15% = 42. 2 million However the marketing cost of 3 million is excluded in the above NPV, so the expected NPV of Proposal C = 42. 2 million 3 million = 39. 2 million 2. 4. Breakeven occupancy level of Proposal CWhen occupancy level equals 95%, the NPV will be 97 million. When its 50%, the NPV will be -28 million. Thus, when the occupancy level decreases by 1%, the NPV will decrease by 2. 78 million. 97 million (-28 million) / (95-50) = 2. 78 million In this way, when the occupancy level changes by about 35% (97/2. 78), the NPV will decrease to zero. Therefore, the breakeven occupancy level is around 60%. 2. 5 Estimated cash retained Estimated cash retained = cash available for investment investment costs = 30. 9 million 24 million = 6. 9 million Compariso n between Solberri and Shangri-la Asia Limited with the DuPont Model 3. DuPont Model of Solberri 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 0568 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 3086? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 8409 Profit Margin 0. 0314? Total Asset Turnover 0. 9815 1 /(1Debt Ratio 0. 4568) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets Total Liabilities/Total Assets 3. 2 DuPont Model of Shangri-la Asia Limited 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 1046 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 1029? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 016 Profit Margin 0. 3069? Total Asset Turnover 0. 3354 1 /(1Debt Ratio 0. 0159) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets Total Liabilities/Total AssetsComparison between Solberri and Shangri-la Asia Limited with the DuPont Model 3. 1 DuPont Model of Solberri 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 0568 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 3086? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 8409 Profit Margin 0. 0314? Total Asset Turnover 0. 9815 1 /(1Debt Ratio 0. 4568) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets Tot al Liabilities/Total Assets 3. 2 DuPont Model of Shangri-la Asia Limited 2007 Return on Equity (ROE) 0. 1046 Return on Assets (ROA) 0. 1029? Equity Multiplier (EM) 1. 016 Profit Margin 0. 3069? Total Asset Turnover 0. 3354 1 /(1Debt Ratio 0. 0159) Net Income/Net Sales Net Sales/Average Total Assets T

Readings on the Power of the Nation-State Essay

mankind Society and the Nation-State by John W. Meyer, John Boli, George M. Thomas, and Francisco O. Ramirez * This essay begins by explaining that it is the world models of institutions and the purposes they serveequality, sociostinting progress, human developmentargon the foundations for the circulating(prenominal) nation-state order. These world models have become increasingly important in the post-war era as globalization has change magnitude and intensified exponentially. * They then expand upon this point, explaining that traditionally, scholars mean that states be products of their own histories and internal forces. This essay asserts that this is inaccurate because in todays era especially, there argon many outside forces due to globalization that shape a nation states culture, institutions, and other features.* They argue that the principal(prenominal) reasons for the emergence of world-society models have been out of wars, like World War II and the Cold War. These glo bal conflicts may have pushed for the improvement of nationally organized progress and human development on the global scale. * Many scholars predict a failure of world-society, drawing upon evidence from the gross violations of world-cultural principles in Bosnia, the stagnant development in Africa, and the overall evasion of proper responsibility all over the globe.The Declining say-so of States by Susan unconnected* Strange opens with the assertion that although they may not admit it, those in charge in capitalist nations are losing power and reputability. Politicians make hollow promises and the people no longer believe them. It is exactly this type of discontent that brought down the Soviet Union and its satellite states. Political discontent by the general has go up globally and seems to be evident everywhere. * Strange also asserts that answers lie in the public opinion and everyday citizens of a country, not in the current political system. She says this because normal p eople use commonsense which seems to be more than legitimate than the most common academic theories politicians base their notions upon.* Strange argues that after spacious study of the global political economy, she has come to the conclusion that we need to rethink some of the traditional concepts and assumptions that international relations are based upon. She presents four main assumptions that need to be revised 1. The limits of politics as asocial activity. 2. The nature and sources of power within a society. 3. The necessity and contrasting invisibility of leave in a capitalist economy. 4. The anarchic nature of international society and rational conduct of states as the unitary actors in that society. * An interesting point Strange argues is that as governments try to gain more authority, they are squashing out ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples sovereignty. Some principle examples include the Basques of southwestern Europe, the Tibetans of China, the Scots of the Un ited Kingdom, and the Aborigines of Australia. global Organized Crime by James H. MittelmanMittelman explains that because of globalization, crime has completely evolved into a more complex and frightening concept. The new type of global crime involves crimes that didnt even exist a few decades agocomputer crimes, money laundering, nuclear material theft, counterfeiting, stock market schemes, etc. Crime is also no longer localized, but taking place on a global scale. * Mittelman provides a chief example of this globalized crime using Chinese triads that have import people illegally into the U.S. since the 1840s. The corruption of the Chinese government and oppression of Chinese workers has caused this issue of illegal migration.* Mittelman also explains that global organized crime bum be equated to transnational firms because they operate both above and below the state. Above the state, they operate using the manipulation of permeable borders and deregulation. Below the state, the y operate by offering incentives to the marginalized populations who are struggling to cope with the effects of globalization. * He also describes the government agency of global crime in relation to the state. Traditionally, states are viewed as arbiters and mediators in interstate relations. However, this role is changing as crime has transcended borders and caused the cooperation of state governments to try and combat this trend. Mittelman also clarifies that although crime groups arent revolutionary or trying to take over the government, they are slowly changing the role of government and somewhat undermining its power.Has Globalization Gone Too Far? By Dani Rodrik* Rodrik begins by asserting that globalization has dramatically increased the gap amongst the rich and the poor the middle class is disappearing.Because of this, tension between those in chargethe policymakers and market mogulsand those at the bottomworkers, environmentalists, etc.has risen and become a major dividi ng factor. * This divide causes tension and a decrease in social stability. Rodrik highlights three main sources of tension. 1. Reduced barriers to trade and investment emphasize the imbalance between groups that can transcend international borderscapitalists, professionals, highly skilled workersand those that cantunskilled workers.2. Nations face major differences in terms of ideologies, politics, socioeconomics and this can cause conflicts within and between nations of opposing traditions. 3. Globalization has made it close to impossible for governing bodies to provide social insurancea central fly the coop that has held societies together in the post-war period. * Rodrik then explains that in order to deal with these issues, policymakers must make difficult decisions in order to strike a balance between domestic cohesion and global interaction. Rodrik recognizes that this situation is usually viewed as a trade-off, however through maintaining a healthy balance between domestic demand and global progress, this can be achieved.Welfare Spending in an Era of Globalization The North-South Divide by John Glenn * Glenn first recognizes that in less-industrialized states, welfare consumption has decreased during the period of globalization due to the increased spending focused on structural development. On the other hand, highly industrialized nations have been the cardinal agents in starting and maintaining globalization. * Glenn then examines two different hypotheses. The first states that nations are actively reconfiguring themselves in order to produce a business-nurturing environment. This competition state theory claims that the globalization of the economy is putting the pressures on the states to make the business-conducive environment.The second hypothesis asserts that states make up for those who are most negatively affected by the economic progress and as a result of this, a decrease in social spending will not occur. * Glenn recognizes the overlap between these two hypotheses in that they both emphasize the importance of state investment in human capital in order to compete in the global economy of today. He also supports his findings with several tablesexhibiting different states growth of government expenditures, social spending trends, etc. in order for readers to visually see these trends that are occurring across the globe.World Culture and the Future of Schooling by David P. Baker and Gerald K. LeTendre * This article begins with the theory that knowledge is, contrary to popular belief, a global undertaking. It defines the traditional, national vision of education as an institution for education and socialization of a countrys youth, preparing them to be successful adult citizens of their nation. The authors argue that this notion is inaccurate and is becoming more so every day. * The article asserts that global forces are shaping the evolution of study and education is growing more globally uniform due to the perme ableness of borders and educational value penetrating those borders and infiltrating educational systems within those borders.* The worldwide success of mass education is then examined. It is observed that all over the world, public schooling is educating the vast majority of youth and preparing them for a bright and educated future. In addition to this trend, traditional educational values have become widely accepted. These values can be education for the collective good, national government funding and interest in education, early education lasting through early maturity as an effective tool in long-term impact, and statuses such as race, gender, religion and language should not deter an individual or group from accessing education.

AWS Analysis Essay

I am providing you with an analysis and recommendations for the AWS social unit of Amazon.com which pass on bene paroxysm your unit. The education present on which of Porters four competitive strategies your unit should follow, gives a list of information systems for Sales/Marketing and Customer Service chains. I will also tell you how the demoralize can be utilized and why your unit should use a legion farm for providing services.It is essential to think on industry-wide and differentiation of the Porters Four Competitive Strategies. That strategy will advise you to offer better products and services across the industry. The reason why I picked this section of Porters Four Competitive Strategies is that Amazon.com in 2010 on average sold 158 items per second in 178 countries. You are a unit which is a part of a global industry, we have to make sure that your services are better than competitors and are known worldwide. This focus will stir the units business processes and i nformation systems in those fieldsImportance of volume to supplierRelative price performance of substitutesSupplier concentration provoker identityBuyers incentivesThose are important sections in your unit that you have to change or focus to be successful worldwide.I recommend that sales and trade chain use Purchasing information system. The Purchasing system will help employees to determine customers needs and wants based on their shopping. In this process a system will identify the type of products that customer is searching or purchasing and create a special section of recommendation with the deals that will fit customers interest. This type system will collect data with customers interest whichwill help in their product selection and suppliers advertisement. This system will lock in customers and buyers.In customer service chain I recommend Product information system. The Product information system will spare employees to evaluate customers satisfaction with our web services. It will be a system that collect customers notes about satisfaction with services and products they wish to see on our website. The system will automatically send those to suppliers which will help them in their product selection. It will help to lock in suppliers and create new products and services.A server farm is a collection of computer servers. It is mainly used for web hosting. The server farm contributes to high financial and environmental costs. It will be unafraid to use by AWS unit because their services allow customers to use their servers for their personal use of software. Which require a lot of space to store all of that data.The cloud service is providing easy on demand access to applications, resources and services through internet. The cloud is in advantage for customers because they can access it from any source for so long there is an internet connection. It saves the customers space on his personal computer and they are run by fast and stable servers. The AWS u nit leases their computer resources on flexible terms for customers needs.If you will combine the Porters strategies with information system recommendations your unit will cast up it sales of services. These are essential information that you should focus on.

Poli Sci Internet Essay

Deliberative polling, started by James Fishkin, is a process wherein random citizens are invited to deliberate on certain issues beforehand and after education on such issues. After initial polling, these citizens enter into interactions with experts and leaders metrical unitd on their questions about the issues, and given the same polling questions. The process is record and broadcast, in the hopes of reaching viewers to educate them about the issues. Changes in opinion before and after the polling support Fishkins stance that citizens are generally unacquainted(predicate) about issues, other than the usual sound-bites.Panel polling describes the act of recruiting panelists muckle who specifically reflect opinions of a certain demographicand polling these panelists on certain issues. The panelist whitethorn be compensated for their time or be volunteers. The Internet has changed the face of communication. Forums, which are the Internets version of bulletin boards but used for di scussions, washbowl bring citizens in concert to discuss issues. Both deliberative polling and panel polling tooshie be achieved through a forum, where experts and leaders whitethorn also visit the come in to interact with citizens.E-mail lists may be used for both types of polling, but the e-mail of the participants and their political geographies moldiness be known in order to mensurate demographics. However, not every citizen uses the Internet, and polling through the Internet may miss large sections of the population. http//cdd. stanford. edu/polls/ Center for Deliberative Democracy http//www. iht. com/articles/2007/05/27/bloomberg/poll28. php Polling Goes Online, with A Recruited Panel http//www. mysterypollster. com/ main(prenominal)/2005/07/internet_pollin. html Internet Polling Unfulfilled Promise3. Democratic con xt political party Leftist/liberal http//www. democrats. org/ Republican PartyRightist/conservative http//www. rnc. org/ make-up PartyRightist/conserva tive http//www. constitution-party. net/ Green PartyLeftist/liberal http//www. gp. org/ Libertarian partyCenter http//www. lp. org/ All of these sites watch several of the basic choices on the confront p get on with about the party, donation, e-mail lists, get involved, countersign, key party values, press releases, a blog, and links encouraging citizens to register to vote.The Green, Constitution, and Republican Party, however, lack easy-to-find links so that party members can connect to each other online the DNP and LP offer links from their front pages to join online groups for those interested in the party. Both the GOP and the DNP do not perplex information regarding becoming a candidate, while the Green, Constitution, and Libertarian Parties do. Unsurprisingly, because they are the two major parties in the US, both the RP and the DNC offer more material on their websites, such as more details on party organization and leadership.The Libertarian Party has a bit more info rmation than the Green and Constitution Parties. From my perusal of the websites, the Constitution Partys is the least interactive. There are many informative links, but the only link in which a member might be connected to another member is through the Events link. The Green Party website is similar. The Libertarian Party has a web page devoted to social networks such as Meetup or LinkedIn, the DNP offers its own partybuilder to connect members, and the GOP has a customizable social network MyGOP.It is not whether a party is left or right-leaning that determine the interactivity of its web content, but the partys size. Larger parties have more members that donate m geniusy in order to design, program, and create larger websites that offer more. 4. Although creating any website is relatively easy, its not so easy to organize, create, and maintain a large, dynamic website. Any website must offer its customers clarity yet also be informative and not confusing. If the information must look good and be organized, then design and page layout are factors.If interaction is desired, then more programming is needed. In addition, time spent creating a website is money, and larger, more programming-heavy websites do cost more to make and maintain. From the five websites I have browsed, the larger, more detailed websites belonged to the parties who were larger and could raise more money. Therefore I dont agree with the claim that the Internet levels the playing field between all parties. Furthermore, there are many people in the U. S. who do not have portal to the Internet, or who dont use the Internet for news or video.People who live in remote areas, or are a generation removed from the Internet age, may have difficulties. It may be that some of these people cannot afford Internet access, or cannot access the Internet as easily as others. These people would be harder to reach if parties relied solely on websites to gain their audience. So plane with the wide availabil ity, the Internet may still not reach all citizens. However, it is an easy and inexpensive task to simply put up an informative page without the bells and whistles. In this commission, the Internet can make the playing field more even.The existence of blogs and online magazines shows this. But I think that the Internet can be used in addition to handed-down methods of connecting peopledoor-to-door, telephone calls, postal mailin order to make a campaign more effective. The Internet is also a great way to tap into those who do use it day-to-day and are familiar with it. 5. 1. Middleberg Associates surveyed that in 1998, 50% of newspapers were online or had plans to go online. F the number is 90%. 2. Low be are the major factor in a news organizations move onto the Web. T 3.PoliticsNow was a joint collaboration between NBC News, National Journal, and the Washington Post. FIt was a joint collaboration with ABC News, not NBC. 4. The most important advantage of online advertising is the ability to target certain aspects of the audience. T 5. The most common web advertisement is the Flash ad. FThe most common advertisement is the banner ad. 6. Being able to charge subscribers is a revenue enhancement alternative. T 7. The benefits of charging subscribers outweigh the benefits of free content. FWhen websites charge for their content, traffic decreases. 8.The Wall Street Journal is one of the few newspapers that charge a subscriber base successfully. T 9. Usually, libraries can use archival databases free of charge. FIts customary for newspapers and magazines to charge libraries to use their archival databases. 10. Three major nontraditional news organizations are The Drudge Report, Salon, and Slate. T 11. The first big story to break online was regarding the Unibomber. FThe first big story to break online was Timothy McVeighs justification to the Oklahoma City bombing. 12. A common Web-enabled feature is the search engine. T 13.The first television show with s upplementary web content was Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. FThe show was Survivor. 14. The number of people going online for news rose from 1% in 1995 to 16% by 2002. T 15. There is no age gap in online news consumers. F18- to 29-year-olds go online for news five times that of those over age 65. 6. The 109th Congress passed the most bills in the last ten years (1998-2008). 7. a. List of ways in which the Internet impacts relationship between nations 1. Communicationspeople around the world can e-mail each other, and even meet via the Internet, for business, political, or personal reasons.2. InformationNations, and regions within nations, can advertise, introduce, or just inform people all over the about their culture and locations. Embassies and consulates have their own websites, and tourism can be influenced by what information people find online. 3. OrganizationThe Internet can help bring people together and organize them, across country borders. For example, it is possible to a ccess websites from abroad about political candidates in ones home nation, and meet others in ones political party despite vast distances.Another example is that a presidential candidate can use the Internet to gather groups of people and organize them. b. List the ways that the Internet impacts the relationships between non-national actors. 1. The Internet makes small communications faster, via e-mail or online messaging, which can be a part of a multi-tasking workers day. 2. The Internet is a great tool to bring strangers together for causes or concerns, such as petitions or volunteer polling. 3. News shows very much have a supplementary website in which viewers can comment with each other in real-time, such as Cafferty Files.

Child Development Not Following Expected Pattern

UNDERSTAND CHILD AND YOUNG PERSONS DEVELOPMENT Unit 022 Outcome 3 Understand how to monitoring device churlren and young peoples development and interventions that should take place if this is not surveiling the expected ideal 2 Explain the reasons why minorren and young peoples development whitethorn not follow the expected pattern on that point ar many reasons and factors why a child is not future(a) the expected pattern of development. For example the child whitethorn be emotionally unsettled due to a number of reasons. Family life satisfys a signifi discountt part in a childs development.If for authority the child is living with pargonnts who constantly argue and fight this will project an effect on the child and cause stress. Also if the child is from a one parent family there may be difficulties as a parent trying to juggle everything on their own may not have as much time to spend nurturing and boosting a childs development. The child may be at a disadvantage enviro nmentally due to poor housing or area in which they live. If a house is poorly heated the child may experience bad health due to dampness. Or the child may be living in cramp conditions and unable to play and explore so easily.Not so well off families may be living in poorer areas with little access to creature comforts which can cause stress to parents which will be active the childs development. Some children have a poor diet and this can affect their growth and thus affect the physiologic side of development. There have been many studies on diet and its effects and results have shown that a child who has a nourishing and healthy diet achieves more in life. It is difficult for a family on a low income to conjure a healthy diet for their child and thus can result in poorer health and visible issues.Also some childrens genetic code may affect the pattern in which they develop. This could mean that they are slower to develop but no reason is found. There are excessively cultura l issues that may affect a childs development. Families differ from one to another and the way a child is brought up will also differ from one to another. What one family may deem to be ok another would disagree. For example one family may allow their child more freedom and let them play outside in the street whereas another would keep the child in the confines of the garden only.This is also true in the case of an older child for instance a teenager. One may be allowed the independence and freedom of coming in late and another is not. All these decisions made by parents and carers can affect their childs development. A child may be prevented from developing by a disability. This may also affect the child in several areas of development. A child with a physical disability may not have much movement and will be unable to pith in with outdoor games and sports.However with the right support and equipment the child will be able to participate so early intervention is vital for the chil ds physical and emotional wellbeing. 2 There are many reasons why a child may have learning difficulties. The child may have had difficulties at birth or the problems may be genetic. Having a learning difficulty will affect development in a child. The child may need one to one help with reading, opus and arithmetic and support with other activities. Such children may find it hard to interact with other children and may also develop low self-esteem as they struggle academically.The level of a childs intercourse skills can have an effect on most areas of development. If a child is struggling with communication and language they may push back upset easily and start behaving negatively. This will cause the child to get frustrated and unable to complete tasks set for them. Lack of concentration in certain activities may be a problem too leaving the child unable to take in the information needed to finish the school work. For the child to read and write good communication skills are a lso needed.